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College Biology Exam Questions
Page 4 of 100
61.
During which stage of mitosis do all of the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?
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Metaphase
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Prophase
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Anaphase
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Telophase
Correct answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell along the metaphase plate. Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis.
Mitosis is a four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
- Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
- Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis. In this stage, the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart.
- Telophase is the fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage, the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.
62.
If two angles of a triangle are 80° and 35°, what is the third angle?
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65°
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55°
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75°
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45°
Correct answer: 65°
Let x be the unknown third angle. Then the sum of the three angles 80° + 35° + x = 180°, so x = 180-80-35 = 65°.
63.
What is the atomic number of an element that has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons?
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8
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6
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10
-
12
Correct answer: 8
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Since this element has 8 protons, its atomic number is 8.
64.
Which of the following words is spelled correctly for the sentence?
They thought their latest product was cutting edge, but in fact, it was so _____________ it was actually obsolete.
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archaic
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arcack
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arcaich
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arckaick
Correct answer: archaic
Archaic is spelled correctly for the sentence. The other options are misspelled.
65.
Simplify the following:
3.4 + 0.1×(0.4+0.8÷0.5)
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3.6
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3.64
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5.4
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5.64
Correct answer: 3.6
Remember to use PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction). A helpful mnemonic phrase for PEMDAS is "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally".
Divide 0.8÷0.5.
Since 0.4+0.8÷0.5 is inside parentheses, this will be simplified first, with the division coming first. 0.8÷0.5 = 1.6.
Add 0.4.
Next, add inside the parentheses: 0.4+1.6 = 2.0.
Multiply by 0.1.
0.1×2.0 = 0.2
Add 3.4.
The final total is 3.4+0.2 = 3.6.
66.
Identify the error in the following sentence.
Since Ken studied medicine in India.
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Sentence fragment
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Run-on sentence
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Pronoun-antecedent agreement
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Subject-verb agreement
Correct answer: Sentence fragment
A sentence fragment is a partial sentence. Dependent clauses standing alone form sentence fragments. Since Ken studied medicine in India is a dependent clause and is not a complete thought. The subordinating conjunction since makes this clause dependent. To fix this sentence, either remove the subordinating conjunction since for Ken studied medicine in India, or add an independent clause to the dependent clause such as Since Ken studied medicine in India, he speaks Hindi very well.
A run-on sentence is two sentences or two independent clauses joined without adequate punctuation or a connecting word. Pronoun-antecedent agreement occurs when the pronoun used in a sentence does not match the noun it is intended to refer to either in number (singular-plural) or in gender (masculine, feminine, neutral). Subject-verb agreement is an error where the sentence verb does not match its subject, usually mixing singular and plural forms.
67.
Which of the following best describes the term canal?
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The tubular tunnel in a bone
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The air-filled space in a bone
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The round hole through a bone
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The slit through a bone
Correct answer: The tubular tunnel in a bone
The tubular tunnel in a bone is known as the canal. The air-filled space in a bone is known as the sinus. The round hole through a bone is known as the foramen. The slit through a bone is known as a fissure.
68.
The pulmonary valve is a heart valve responsible for controlling the blood flow from the right ventricle into which of the following?
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Pulmonary arteries
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Aorta
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Left ventricle
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Right atrium
Correct answer: Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary valve is responsible for controlling the blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries.
The tricuspid valve is responsible for the regulation of blood flow between the right ventricle and the right atrium. The mitral valve is responsible for letting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium and into the left ventricle. The aortic valve is responsible for opening in order to allow oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta.
69.
Twenty-five percent of the class had to stay in during recess. If the percentage of the class that stayed in equaled 8 students, how many students went outside for recess?
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24 students
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32 students
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28 students
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36 students
Correct answer: 24 students
To go from a percentage to a whole, divide by the percentage.
The total number of students is 8/25% = 8 / 0.25 = 32, so 32-8 went out for recess.
70.
Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?
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Mike is a fast runner; he is not, however, also good at the high jump.
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Mike is a fast runner; he is not, however also good at the high jump.
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Mike is a fast runner, he is not however, also, good at the high jump.
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Mike is a fast runner, he is not, however, also, good at the high jump.
Correct answer: Mike is a fast runner; he is good at the high jump, too.
The correctly punctuated sentence is: "Mike is a fast runner; he is good at the high jump, too."
Place a semicolon between two independent clauses that are related. Using a comma alone to separate two independent clauses is a sentence error called a comma splice. It is ungrammatical in English.
Place a comma before ending a sentence with the word "too" when it's used as an adverb meaning "also" or "in addition".
Examples:
- "We're going shopping, out to dinner, and then to a movie, too." This is proper use of a comma before the word "too".
- "I like bananas too." In a simple sentence like this, you do not need a comma before the word "too".
71.
Which of the following is the site of cellular respiration?
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Mitochondria
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Chloroplast
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Cellular membrane
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Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The mitochondria is responsible for producing cell energy.
Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. The cellular membrane is the organelle that provides the cell with protection, a means of communication, and the passage of substances. The Golgi apparatus is the cell's packaging, processing, and shipping organelle.
72.
Which of the following correctly defines prevaricate as used in the following sentence?
Sometimes, when a student talks to the instructor about why the student missed an exam or assignment, the student tends to prevaricate a bit, hoping to persuade the instructor to invoke no penalty for late student work.
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Depart from or evade the truth
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Commonplace; trivial
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Praise, glorify, or honor
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Honesty, uprightness
Correct answer: Depart from or evade the truth
Prevaricate is depart from or evade the truth.
Commonplace; trivial is banal. praise, glorify, or honor is extol. Honesty, uprightness is probity.
73.
What enzyme do the kidneys produce to regulate arterial blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt?
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Renin
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Glomerulus
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Nephron
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Antigen
Correct answer: Renin
Kidneys (organs of the genitourinary system) manufacture urine, which travels through the ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. Kidneys are primarily responsible for filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure, and producing the active form of vitamin D. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron which is responsible for filtering and excretion.
Kidneys play a vital role in maintaining blood and blood pressure. The cardiovascular system pumps blood into the kidneys through the renal artery. The pressure of the blood helps the glomerulus (cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood) filter out wastes and return vital nutrients to the blood through the renal vein. The kidneys also produce renin, an enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt.
74.
Which of the following is not a purpose of mitosis?
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To produce eggs and sperm
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To repair damaged tissue
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To replace dead cells
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To develop an individual
Correct answer: To produce eggs and sperm
Meiosis, not mitosis, is responsible for the production of eggs and sperm. The purpose of mitosis is to develop an individual, grow all tissues and organs after birth, replace dead cells, and repair damaged tissue.
Mitosis is a four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
- Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
- Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis. In this stage, the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart.
- Telophase is the fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage, the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.
75.
The atomic number for the element zinc (Zn) is 30. If the element has a negative charge of 3, how many electrons does the element have?
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33
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27
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10
-
14
Correct answer: 33
Since the atomic number for zinc is 30 and it has a negative charge of 3, it would have 33 electrons. When an element has a negative charge, the charge is added to the atomic number. 30 + 3- = 33e
When zinc has a negative charge of 3, it contains 33 electrons, not 10, 14, or 27.
76.
The epicranius muscle raises one's eyebrows. Where is this muscle located?
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Forehead to galea aponeurotica
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Zygomatic bone to angle of mouth
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Above the superciliary arch of the frontal bone
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Mandible to orbicularis oris
Correct answer: Forehead to galea aponeurotica
The epicranius muscle is located from the forehead to the galea aponeurotica. This muscle is responsible for raising one's eyebrows.
The zygomaticus major and the zygomaticus minor muscles are located from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth. The corrugator supercilii muscle is located above the superciliary arch of the frontal bone. The depressor labii inferioris muscle is located from the mandible to the orbicularis oris.
77.
How much sweat does the average person produce in a day in the absence of excessive heat or vigorous physical exercise?
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500 mL
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5 mL
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50 mL
-
150 mL
Correct answer: 500 mL
Sweating, or perspiration, occurs normally throughout the day, even when you are in a climate-controlled environment or not performing physically demanding activities. This is referred to as insensible perspiration because it occurs without being noticed and totals about 500 mL per day. In high temperatures or when exercising vigorously, you can produce as much as 1.5 liters per hour of sweat.
78.
Which of the following is an accurate description of metaphase during mitosis?
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Chromosomes align along the center of the cell
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Chromosomes begin separating
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Chromosomes gather on either side of the separated cell
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The nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes begin to attach to the spindle that forms along the axis of the cell
Correct answer: Chromosomes align along the center of the cell
During metaphase, the chromosomes align along the center of the cell.
Mitosis is a four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
- Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In this stage, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
- Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis. In this stage, the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart.
- Telophase is the fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage, the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.
79.
What two conditions determine the phase (i.e. solid, liquid, or gas) that a substance is in?
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Pressure and temperature
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Volume and temperature
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Density and pressure
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Density and volume
Correct answer: Pressure and temperature
Pressure and temperature are the two conditions that determine the phase that a substance is in. When temperature is increased, particles of matter move apart. When pressure is increased, particles of matter pack together.
Volume and density are not conditions that determine the phase that a substance is in.
80.
For his science fair project, Clay ate fast food for breakfast, lunch, and dinner for two solid weeks and changed no other lifestyle habits during that time period. Clay recorded his weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol level before and after the experiment, which is reflected in the provided table.
| Weight | Blood Pressure | Cholesterol | |
| Before | 162 | 118/76 | 195 |
| After | 176 | 136/85 | 212 |
What is the controlled variable(s) for this experiment?
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Individual and lifestyle habits
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Fast food
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Weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol
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Exercise
Correct answer: Individual and lifestyle habits
A controlled variable is the object that is kept constant during the study. The controlled variables for this experiment are the individual and the individual’s lifestyle habits, as they both remain constant during the study.
Fast food is incorrect because it is the experiment’s independent variable. Weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol is incorrect because they are the experiment’s dependent variables. Exercise is incorrect because it is not mentioned as a variable during the experiment.